Timber Frame vs. Timber Post and Beam Construction

Being an architect who designs heavy timber homes, I’ve found that there is a lot of confusion between timber frame vs. timber post and beam construction, even within the industry and among professionals. While there is some gray area in the distinction between them, there are real differences between these styles.

Before we delve into the differences, it should be noted that one characteristic of both timber frame and post and beam construction is the articulation of the skeleton of a building.  This is achieved by exposing timber or log components as an honest expression of the building frame, giving it a rugged, rustic appearance. When it is thoughtfully designed and carefully constructed, the beauty of timber construction becomes the primary visual element of a building, and additional ornamentation or decoration is unnecessary. Implicit in carefully crafted exposed timberwork is a respect for the material.  This has become a mainstay in true Mountain Style Architecture.

A Timber Frame Kitchen by Collin Beggs

Timber Framing

Timber Framing is a traditional form of wood construction that has origins in early furniture making, and can be traced back to early oriental architecture. Some timber frame buildings erected during medieval times in old Europe are still standing, a testament to the integrity and longevity of this building system.

Timber Frame Bracket

True timber frames rely on tight fitting joinery, the integrity of the materials, and critical geometry to create a self supporting structure.  Because mechanical fasteners were not readily available and had to be hand made until relatively modern times, timber frames were (and still are) held together using wood pegs or wedges. By driving pegs into slightly misaligned holes in mating frame elements, timber framers are able to draw parts together to create surprisingly stiff connections. The real beauty of timber frame joints is often what you don’t see – they tend to be intricate hidden surfaces designed to lock together inside the members.  The New England Barn Company has a great pictorial glossary on timber frame joints.  Timber pegs are usually critical structural links, and hence are made of robust wood species like oak, ash, or maple. Pegs are usually exposed and made prominent to emphasize their importance in the system.

Timber Frame homes can be fun!

Timber framing is a specialty craft that requires careful joinery, specialty tools, and skilled, patient carpenters. Some purist practitioners of timber framing use only hand tools out of respect for the craft tradition. Timber framing tends to be more expensive than timber post and beam construction, though some of the added cost is offset by the fact that a well designed timber frame doesn’t need to rely on shear walls or infill framing to achieve lateral stability.

A Timber Frame Den by Collin Beggs

If you interested in learning more about timber framing, Ted Benson has some excellent books on the subject.

In the Northwest, Timber Frames by Colin Beggs is a premier builder of timber frame homes.  Residing in Sandpoint, Idaho,  Collin is a humble young craftsman with extensive timber framing experience, and will be speaking at the Timber Framers Guild Conference in Saratoga Springs, New York this November.  His topic is “Rampant Evangelism to Expedite the Evolution of Timber Framers into Master Builders”.  Collin notes, “The biggest difference that I find between Timber Framing and conventional construction is the pure joy that the craftsman and client receive when taking part in the process.  Timber Frame raisings are an epic event that define the relationship between community and it’s built environment.”

Timber Frames By Collin Beggs

Post and Beam Construction

Many mountain style homes employ some elements of wood timber construction, either as the main structural system or as accents in the form of trusses, roof supports, brackets, braces, or corbels. Post and beam construction often resembles timber framing, with the important distinction that post and beam construction utilizes mechanical fasteners and often steel plate connectors to join adjacent members together. These connectors may be hidden or exposed in various ways. Wood post and beam frames are rarely used as the only structural system for a building, usually they require additional structural elements like shear panels and infill framing to create a stable structure.

Post and Beam Entrance by Hendricks Architecture

Like timber framing, post and beam construction also requires skilled carpenters to create tight, well crafted joints, but fabrication and assembly tends to be less time consuming and intricate. It often takes a trained eye to distinguish between a true timber frame and well done post and beam construction.  Cost and the desire for authenticity are important factors in deciding which system to use. Timber post and beam construction shares with timber framing an appreciation for the beauty of wood and careful connections, but nods in deference when it comes to purity of tradition and level of craft.

A modern timber post and beam home interior

For more photographs of mountain style homes featuring post and beam construction, see our architectural projects.

There are many builders in the Sandpoint area who build quality heavy timber construction. If you are interested in creating a mountain style timber home, we would enjoy the opportunity to work with you on the design, and can recommend some excellent Contractors.  Hendricks Architecture specializes in the design of timber mountain style homes and cabins.  While it is not the only type of architecture we design, most of the homes we’ve completed are in mountain resort areas throughout the West.  Most of our clients are looking for mountain style homes, often with a rugged, rustic appearance. If you are interested in a mountain home, or you have any other inquiries, please contact us.

Tom Russell, LEED AP and John Hendricks, Architect AIA, NCARB

Hendricks Architecture, mountain architects in Sandpoint, Idaho.

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Mountain Style Home in Sandpoint, Idaho

This custom mountain lodge residence in Sandpoint will be featured in Big Sky Journal Magazine.  The recently completed Idaho mountain style home is a great example of the nature themed, mountain architecture designs of John Hendricks AIA, architect and owner of Hendricks Architecture in Sandpoint.

Mountain Residence overlooking Lake Pend Oreille

Elements of wood, stone, and natural light flow from the rugged exterior into the interior, adding a sense of connection with nature.  The exterior materials consist of western red cedar horizontal beveled siding, Montana stone with tight joints, and copper accents.  The interior is rustic contemporary, with douglas fir trusses, beams and columns, along with other wood and stone accents.  The home is 5,600 square feet on five steep acres.  The house is perched near the top of a nob, yet the profile is kept low to blend into the site.

Great Room

The home is designed to take advantage of the beautiful mountain and lake views, including Lake Pend Oreille and the Monarch Mountains to the southeast.  The Pend Oreille River, the City of Sandpoint, and the two mile Long Bridge can be seen to the southwest.  To the west and northwest are Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort and the Selkirk Mountains.  The owners are avid snowboarders, and their master bedroom suite is angled forty-five degrees from the rest of the home to look directly at Schweitzer.  On winter mornings a slight raise of the head is all that’s needed to check the snow or weather on the mountain.

The bar is one of many rooms with great views.

The home has four bedroom suites, and includes four and a half baths.  Also included are a home theater, study, game room, bar, wine room, a great room, a circular staircase and a bridge, along with covered and open decks.  Hydronic floor heating heats the residence.  The owners opted for gas appliance fireplaces rather than wood burning.  Air-conditioning cools the upper level in the warmer summer months.  Large overhangs and trellises minimize the summer solar heat gain, and the south and west facing windows have a higher low-E rating of low-E3 glazing.    The exterior has layered flagstone patios and includes a built-in spa and barbecue.  Storm water is managed by retaining swales.

Wine Room

For further information on mountain architecture, please see our previous posts Mountain Architecture and Origins of Mountain Architecture in America.

John Hendricks, AIA Architect, NCARB

Hendricks Architecture, Idaho mountain home architects in Sandpoint.  We specialize in the design of luxury mountain style homes, cabins and other structures.

Porch - photos by Karl Neumann

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A Great Time To Remodel

It’s a great time to remodel, as described by Tom Russell, project architect at Hendricks Architecture.

Remodeling and improving existing homes has taken on a new importance as the practice of cosmetic makeovers and flipping homes has all but disappeared for the time being. I believe that the rapid turnover of houses that was common a few years ago will be replaced by a more long term vision of home, and with that comes the desire to have a home that will meet your functional needs for many years, one that will be affordable to own, and that you can take pride in.

We have received many more inquiries on remodels and additions lately. People are choosing to remodel for a number of reasons:

• Construction costs are low relative to what they have been in the recent past.  
• Government tax incentives are making energy efficient upgrades more affordable.
• Homeowners interested in selling in the next few years are seeing the need to make their homes stand out in a market that is saturated with homes for sale.
• Many people’s net worth has been affected by the current economic conditions, and their plans to build a new home have been put on hold.
• Homeowners who were hoping to build can’t sell the home they live in now, or their equity position in their home won’t provide them enough revenue to build the home they want.
• Quality contractors who used to do only new construction and were booked well in advance are available and willing to do remodel work.
• Bargains in the housing market have allowed buyers to purchase discounted homes in desirable neighborhoods and modify them to meet their needs.
• People like where they live, but find that there are things about their home they don’t like.

A recent home addition under construction, designed by Hendricks Architecture.

In my mind, there are several reasons to consider remodeling an existing home:

• If you like where you live but you don’t like the style of your home, it isn’t performing well, or your space needs are changing.
• Remodeling will improve your enjoyment and appreciation of the home you already live in.
• Some remodel strategies can improve your home’s value in excess of what they cost. Taxable values often don’t reflect the value of these increases.
• Improving the “curb appeal” of your home will likely lead to faster sales and a higher selling price.
• For those interested in a sustainable or green approach to housing, remodeling makes a lot of sense. Reusing and improving an existing structure is often less impactful than building new. The LEED green building rating system for buildings offers several credits for utilizing existing buildings and for material reuse.

Depending on your circumstances, remodeling rather than buying a new home may be a wise choice. Before you decide to remodel your existing home or think about buying a home that will need future upgrades, keep in mind the following:

• A big mistake I see all the time is the Homeowner/ Home Depot remodel. Most people lack the knowledge, equipment and time to do a quality remodel job that looks good and meets safety codes. Discriminating buyers who appreciate thoughtful details, quality craftsmanship, and integrated design can usually tell right away if a project was done by professionals. My advice is to hire an Architect, Interior Designer, and a Contractor who has a lot of remodel experience.
• Depending on the extent of your project, moving out of the house for a period of time may be the only option. If you do decide to stay, be aware that a construction project in an occupied home is always disruptive, usually slower, and will definitely require some sacrifice on your part.
• The payback (in resale value) of some remodels is often less than the investment. Improvements that are less visible (insulation, new windows, re-wiring or re-plumbing) tend to have a lower payback than things like a new kitchen, a bedroom addition, or a new deck. If you are thinking of remodeling to increase your home value, do your homework and a cost/ benefit analysis before deciding how to proceed. This is one area where an Architect can be helpful.
• If you plan on staying put for a while, some improvements may be worth doing simply to increase the enjoyment of your home and how well it functions for you.
• It can be difficult to get a fixed price contract for a remodel project because there are usually many unknowns until the work begins. Depending on the complexity of the project and what is found under the finishes, remodeling can be more expensive than building new. This is another area where an Architect can be a valuable resource. They can help you execute a good contract that is fair to everyone, and watch costs and billings closely to make sure you are getting what you pay for.
• It may be worth offering a contractor financial incentives to finish quickly, or adding a liquidated damages clause (financial penalty for exceeding a set completion date) to your contract.
• Be wary of spending a lot of money to create the nicest home in the neighborhood. The context your home is in will have a lot to do with its resale value.

I have done several remodels for myself, and I have taken part in many remodels as a project manager and as a carpenter. The most important thing I learned from these experiences is that a major remodel is a serious undertaking that requires a lot of planning, a knowledgeable contractor, a flexible budget, and a sense of humor. Hiring skilled professionals will eliminate many of the headaches of remodeling, and will insure better results. It is essential to have good guidance in making decisions and knowing how to get the most for your remodeling dollar. Feel free to contact us if you have questions, or if a remodel project is in your future.

Tom Russell, LEED AP, Project Architect

Hendricks Architecture, mountain architects located in Sandpoint, Idaho.

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John Hendricks, AIA Architect • Architecture, Planning, Construction Management
418 Pine St, Sandpoint, Idaho 83864 • T 208.265.4001 F 208-265-4009 • john@hendricksarch.com